PMID: 15244512Jul 13, 2004Paper

Epidemiology of liver cancer: an overview

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
Petcharin SrivatanakulSomyos Deerasamee

Abstract

The incidence of liver cancer varies widely throughout the world, with high rates in sub - Saharan Africa, eastern and southeastern Asia, and Melanesia and a low incidence in Northern and Western Europe and the Americas. Primary cancers of the liver in adults are of two main histological types: hepatocellular carcinoma, which is derived from hepatocytes, and cholangiocarcinoma, which is derived from the epithelial lining of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatocellular cancer is a frequently occurring tumor in individuals in many developing countries, where several important risk factors have been demonstrated, including chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses and other environmental factors, such as exposure to aflatoxin, consumption of alcohol, and cigarette smoking. By contrast, cholangiocarcinoma is less common, accounting for only 7.7% of malignant tumors of the liver in the United States. However, in parts of Southeast Asia, cholangiocarcinoma occurs more frequently; it is responsible for more than 60% of liver tumors in northeastern Thailand. The geographic distribution worldwide coincides with endemic areas of the liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis. The interaction between genes and the ...Continue Reading

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