Epigenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease

Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease
Robert Balazs

Abstract

The worldwide increase in life expectancy is leading to an increase in age-dependent diseases, including nonfamilial, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the subject of this review. The etiology and pathophysiology of the disease is not fully understood, but present observations suggest that, in addition to genetic risk factors, environmental influences may be involved via epigenetic mechanisms. Currently, there is no effective treatment, but there are indications that lifestyle has an impact on the development of the disease. This view is supported by preclinical studies not only showing that human lifestyle-equivalent interventions have a positive effect on cognitive function in animal models of AD, but also indicating the involvement of underlying epigenetic mechanisms. After a brief overview of the most characteristic chromatin modifications, ie, DNA methylation and histone modifications, epigenetic changes associated with aging are considered, given that aging is the most important risk factor for AD. This is followed by a description of some epigenetic alterations recognized in AD. The impact of environmental factors and lifestyle on the epigenome is then considered. Epigenetic treatments with HDAC inhibitors and ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 17, 2015·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Jorge Landgrave-GómezRosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
Jan 10, 2021·Seminars in Cancer Biology·Imran AnsariSaurabh Singh

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
histone acetylation
acetylation
gene knockin
glycosylation
transgenic

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