Epigenetic mechanisms in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Jorge Landgrave-GómezRosalinda Guevara-Guzmán

Abstract

The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the function and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and its regulation in diseases is one of the most interesting processes of contemporary neuroscience. In the last decade, a growing body of literature suggests that long-term changes in gene transcription associated with CNS's regulation and neurological disorders are mediated via modulation of chromatin structure. "Epigenetics", introduced for the first time by Waddington in the early 1940s, has been traditionally referred to a variety of mechanisms that allow heritable changes in gene expression even in the absence of DNA mutation. However, new definitions acknowledge that many of these mechanisms used to perpetuate epigenetic traits in dividing cells are used by neurons to control a variety of functions dependent on gene expression. Indeed, in the recent years these mechanisms have shown their importance in the maintenance of a healthy CNS. Moreover, environmental inputs that have shown effects in CNS diseases, such as nutrition, that can modulate the concentration of a variety of metabolites such as acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-coA), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and beta hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), regulates some of ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 21, 2016·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Susumu OhyaKatsuhiko Muraki
Feb 10, 2016·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Jorge Landgrave-GómezRosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
Jul 10, 2016·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Umesh D WankhadeKartik Shankar
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ubiquitination
sumoylation
Acetylation
histone acetylation
transgenic

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