Epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
Nancy G Forger

Abstract

Circumstantial evidence alone argues that the establishment and maintenance of sex differences in the brain depend on epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure. More direct evidence has recently been obtained from two types of studies: those manipulating a particular epigenetic mechanism, and those examining the genome-wide distribution of specific epigenetic marks. The manipulation of histone acetylation or DNA methylation disrupts the development of several neural sex differences in rodents. Taken together, however, the evidence suggests there is unlikely to be a simple formula for masculine or feminine development of the brain and behaviour; instead, underlying epigenetic mechanisms may vary by brain region or even by dependent variable within a region. Whole-genome studies related to sex differences in the brain have only very recently been reported, but suggest that males and females may use different combinations of epigenetic modifications to control gene expression, even in cases where gene expression does not differ between the sexes. Finally, recent findings are discussed that are likely to direct future studies on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour.

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Citations

Feb 3, 2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Margaret M McCarthy
Jan 23, 2016·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·Nancy G ForgerAlexandra Castillo-Ruiz
Dec 5, 2017·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Cheryl S Rosenfeld
Jan 25, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Devanand S Manoli, Jessica Tollkuhn
Jun 27, 2019·Dermatologic Therapy·Terenzio Cosio, Elena Campione
Jul 17, 2020·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·Itztli Trejo-SánchezGabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Shinji Tsukahara, Masahiro Morishita
Aug 6, 2019·Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society·Carla D CisternasNancy G Forger
Nov 22, 2016·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Georgia E HodesScott J Russo
Jan 9, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Amanda A Krentzel, John Meitzen
Jan 2, 2020·Genome Medicine·Daniel L McCartneyRiccardo E Marioni
Mar 16, 2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Laura R CortesNancy G Forger
Dec 4, 2020·Endocrinology·Edmund Charles JenkinsDoris Germain
Dec 24, 2018·Hormones and Behavior·Ashlyn Swift-Gallant
May 4, 2021·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Annamaria SrancikovaJan Bakos
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Chitose Orikasa
Jul 31, 2021·Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery·Cheng ZhiChunxiang Zhang

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