Epigenetic modifications of brain and behavior: theory and practice.

Hormones and Behavior
David Crews

Abstract

Evolutionary change is a product of selection. Selection operates on the phenotype, and its consequences are manifest in representation of the genotype in successive generations. Of particular interest to both evolutionary and behavioral biologists is the newly emerging field of epigenetics and behavior. Two broad categories of epigenetic modifications must be distinguished. Context-dependent epigenetic change can be observed if the environmental factors that bring about the epigenetic modification persists (e.g., the frequency and quality of maternal care modifying the brain and future behavior of the offspring each generation). Because the environment induces epiallelic change, removing the causative factor can reverse a context-dependent epigenetic state. Germline-dependent epigenetic change occurs when the epigenetic imprint is mediated through the germline. Such effects are independent of the causative agent and there is no evidence at present that a germline-dependent epigenetic state can be reversed. Finally, only germline-dependent epigenetic modifications can be truly transgenerational. Although an individual's life history is progressive and continuous, it might usefully be viewed as the cumulation of divisions: each ...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Nov 5, 2013·BioMed Research International·Aleksandar Vojta, Vlatka Zoldoš
May 28, 2014·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Elizabeth A Mazzio, Karam F A Soliman
Aug 9, 2011·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Jin Liang ZhuJørn Olsen
Nov 30, 2013·Genes, Brain, and Behavior·S Malan-MüllerS M J Hemmings
Dec 17, 2017·Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica·Christian SonneRune Dietz
Nov 18, 2018·Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society·Ross GilletteDavid Crews
Jan 26, 2011·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Deena M Walker, Andrea C Gore
Sep 22, 2012·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Bridgit O CrewsRobert L Fitzgerald
Nov 2, 2019·Genes, Brain, and Behavior·Nicole Leitner, Yehuda Ben-Shahar

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