Epigenetic regulation of Toll-like receptors and its roles in type 1 diabetes

Journal of Molecular Medicine : Official Organ of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher Und Ärzte
Zhiguo XieZhiguang Zhou

Abstract

The immune system can be divided into adaptive immunity and innate immunity. Adaptive immunity has been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the role of innate immunity in T1D has only been studied recently. T1D is caused by selective autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. A series of studies have suggested that TLRs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T1D. Aberrant TLR signaling will change immune homeostasis and result in immunopathological conditions such as endotoxin shock and autoimmune responses. Thus, TLR signaling pathways are supposed to be strictly and finely regulated. Epigenetics has recently been proven to be a new regulator of TLR expression. DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs are the three main epigenetic modifications. This review will mainly focus on these epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of TLRs and the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of T1D.

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Citations

Jun 17, 2020·Cell Transplantation·Cheng ChenWei Wang
Sep 13, 2018·Genes·Shruti BalajiPatrick Collombat
May 24, 2019·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Gulcin TezcanSvetlana F Khaiboullina
May 22, 2021·International Journal of Immunogenetics·Awad Elsid OsmanMuaawia Ahmed Hamza
Jun 23, 2021·Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews·Juan HuangZhiguang Zhou
Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Jiaqi LiZhiguang Zhou

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
histone acetylation

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