Epigenetic Therapeutics: A New Weapon in the War Against Cancer

Annual Review of Medicine
Nita AhujaStephen B Baylin

Abstract

The past 15 years have seen an explosion of discoveries related to the cellular regulation of phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. This regulation provides a software that packages DNA, without changing the primary base sequence, to establish heritable patterns of gene expression. In cancer, many aspects of the epigenome, controlled by DNA methylation, chromatin, and nucleosome positioning, are altered as one means by which tumor cells maintain abnormal states of self-renewal at the expense of normal maturation. Epigenetic and genetic abnormalities thus collaborate in cancer initiation and progression, as exemplified by frequent mutations in genes encoding proteins that control the epigenome. There is growing emphasis on using epigenetic therapies to reprogram neoplastic cells toward a normal state. Many agents targeting epigenetic regulation are under development and entering clinical trials. This review highlights the promise that epigenetic therapy, often in combination with other therapies, will become a potent tool for cancer management over the next decade.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
MDS
acetylation
histone acetylation
biopsies

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01034163
NCT01023308
NCT00425555
NCT00866333
NCT01038778
NCT01349959
NCT00357032
NCT01310244
NCT00274651
NCT00301756

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