Epigenetics and autoimmune diseases: the X chromosome-nucleolus nexus

Frontiers in Genetics
Wesley H Brooks, Yves Renaudineau

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases occur more often in females, suggesting a key role for the X chromosome. X chromosome inactivation, a major epigenetic feature in female cells that provides dosage compensation of X-linked genes to avoid overexpression, presents special vulnerabilities that can contribute to the disease process. Disruption of X inactivation can result in loss of dosage compensation with expression from previously sequestered genes, imbalance of gene products, and altered endogenous material out of normal epigenetic context. In addition, the human X has significant differences compared to other species and these differences can contribute to the frequency and intensity of the autoimmune disease in humans as well as the types of autoantigens encountered. Here a link is demonstrated between autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and the X chromosome by discussing cases in which typically non-autoimmune disorders complicated with X chromosome abnormalities also present lupus-like symptoms. The discussion is then extended to the reported spatial and temporal associations of the inactive X chromosome with the nucleolus. When frequent episodes of cellular stress occur, the inactive X chromosome may be disrupted ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 22, 2016·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Wesley H Brooks
Feb 7, 2019·Clinical Endocrinology·Jing SongWeiping Teng
Sep 5, 2019·Expert Review of Proteomics·Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell, Merry L Lindsey
Dec 5, 2015·Arthritis Research & Therapy·Zhengwei ZhuXuejun Zhang
Feb 28, 2019·Clinical Epigenetics·Roberta MazzoneAntonello Mai
Jan 10, 2018·Arthritis & Rheumatology·R Hal ScofieldValerie M Harris
May 9, 2019·Nature Communications·Nicole Y SourenJörn Walter
May 7, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Marina I ArleevskayaYves Renaudineau
Aug 23, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Xiner NieBo Li
Nov 21, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Ekaterina MinskaiaJoão F Lacerda
Apr 26, 2017·Frontiers in Immunology·Bin WangJin-An Zhang
May 6, 2017·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Guillermo Carvajal AlegriaDivi Y K Cornec
Nov 14, 2020·Biology of Sex Differences·Katja Linher-MelvilleGurmit Singh
Mar 19, 2021·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Jinming HanRobert A Harris
Aug 7, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Kuo-Wang TsaiYao-Jen Chang
Aug 5, 2021·Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling·Anastasiya MuntyanuElena Netchiporouk

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AC004554

Methods Mentioned

BETA
acetylation
chromosomal aberrations
protein folding

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Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.