Epigenetics and the glucocorticoid receptor: A review of the implications in depression

Psychiatry Research
Chloe Farrell, Veronica O'Keane

Abstract

Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder that effects at least 350 million people worldwide today. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) is a robust finding in the pathophysiology of depression. This dysregulation is hypothesized to result from altered central glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels and/or function as a consequence of chronic glucocorticoid (GC) release, leading to receptor resistance. Pivotal animal and human research to date has identified that early life exposure to prolonged levels of GCs, stress and/or depression, can induce epigenetic modifications at key regions on the GR gene that lead to alterations in GR expression and function. Epigenetics provides an attractive mechanism to explain how ones' genes and environment can interact to produce different disease phenotypes. This review aims to compile the information that has been collected to date and to identify key areas for further investigation.

References

Aug 8, 1970·Nature·F Crick
Feb 1, 1993·The American Journal of Psychiatry·J D BremnerD S Charney
Jan 1, 1997·Annual Review of Psychology·R C Kessler
Dec 26, 2001·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·G H Brundtland
Apr 3, 2002·Psychiatry Research·Félicien KaregeJean-Michel Aubry
Jun 29, 2004·Nature Neuroscience·Ian C G WeaverMichael J Meaney
Nov 16, 2004·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development·Kathleen A Smoak, John A Cidlowski
May 7, 2005·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Raj Kumar, E Brad Thompson
Aug 23, 2005·Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society·Brian M Necela, John A Cidlowski
Nov 25, 2005·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Ian C G WeaverMoshe Szyf
Feb 18, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ian C G WeaverMoshe Szyf
Oct 26, 2006·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : the Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics·Jorge A CervillaUNKNOWN PREDICT Study Core Group
Sep 14, 2007·The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry·Dirk MoserJobst Meyer
Nov 14, 2007·Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society·Robin Holliday
Jun 10, 2008·Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society·Tim F OberlanderAngela M Devlin
Feb 24, 2009·Nature Neuroscience·Patrick O McGowanMichael J Meaney
Oct 13, 2009·Steroids·Nicolas C NicolaidesEvangelia Charmandari
Oct 17, 2009·Lancet Neurology·Rocio G UrdinguioManel Esteller
Apr 20, 2010·Psychoneuroendocrinology·Christoph AnackerCarmine M Pariante
Oct 15, 2010·Nature Biotechnology·Anna Portela, Manel Esteller
Nov 3, 2010·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·Ronald C KesslerDavid R Williams
Jun 22, 2012·Psychological Medicine·S L MathesonV J Carr
Dec 4, 2012·Nature Neuroscience·Torsten KlengelElisabeth B Binder
Sep 24, 2013·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Christine Helsen, Frank Claessens
Oct 3, 2013·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Robert H Oakley, John A Cidlowski
Jan 24, 2014·Neuropharmacology·Torsten KlengelDivya Mehta

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 27, 2016·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research·M Elizabeth FiniW Daniel Stamer
Oct 26, 2016·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Marianne RonovskyDaniela D Pollak
Oct 25, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Kelly DoolinVeronica O'Keane
Apr 18, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Natalia LesiewskaMaciej Bieliński
Jul 25, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Steven TimmermansClaude Libert
Jul 31, 2018·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·Daniel Frías-LasserreCarlos Guerrero-Bosagna
Oct 8, 2020·Harvard Review of Psychiatry·Catarina Raposo-Lima, Pedro Morgado
Dec 15, 2020·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Yulu ZhangWei Peng
Nov 10, 2020·Focus : Journal of Life Long Learning in Psychiatry·Melissa M BattC Neill Epperson
Aug 7, 2020·Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome·Roldan M de Guia
May 18, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Ezio CarboniAntonello Novelli
Jul 17, 2020·CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets·Alice Barros Câmara, Igor Augusto Brandão
Jul 19, 2021·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Roza MotavalliJalal Etemadi
Sep 4, 2020·Current Drug Targets·Poliane da Silva CalixtoLuciana Scotti

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Anxiety Disorders

Discover the latest research on anxiety disorders including agoraphobia, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder here.