Epigenetics of Subcellular Structure Functioning in the Origin of Risk or Resilience to Comorbidity of Neuropsychiatric and Cardiometabolic Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Carlos Manuel Zapata-Martín Del CampoVerónica Guarner-Lans

Abstract

Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial function, protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear processes such as telomere length and DNA repair may be subject to epigenetic cues that relate the genomic expression and environmental exposures in early stages of life. They may also be involved in the comorbid appearance of cardiometabolic (CMD) and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD) during adulthood. Mitochondrial function and protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum are associated with oxidative stress and elevated intracellular calcium levels and may also underlie the vulnerability for comorbid CMD and NPD. Mitochondria provide key metabolites such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), ATP, α-ketoglutarate and acetyl coenzyme A that are required for many transcriptional and epigenetic processes. They are also a source of free radicals. On the other hand, epigenetic markers in nuclear DNA determine mitochondrial biogenesis. The ER is the subcellular organelle in which secretory proteins are folded. Many environmental factors stop the ability of cells to properly fold proteins and modify post-translationally secretory and transmembrane proteins leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. ER...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 15, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Verónica Guarner-LansIsrael Pérez-Torres
May 3, 2019·Journal of Neuroscience Research·María F Harman, Mauricio G Martín
Aug 30, 2018·Current Psychiatry Reports·Elizabeth Reisinger Walker, Benjamin G Druss

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
acetylation
protein folding
histone acetylation
deaminations

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