Epigenome-Microbiome crosstalk: A potential new paradigm influencing neonatal susceptibility to disease.

Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society
Rene CorteseErika C Claud

Abstract

Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily premature infants, which can be lethal. Microbial intestinal colonization may alter epigenetic signatures of the immature gut establishing inflammatory and barrier properties predisposing to the development of NEC. We hypothesize that a crosstalk exists between the epigenome of the host and the initial intestinal colonizing microbiota at critical neonatal stages. By exposing immature enterocytes to probiotic and pathogenic bacteria, we showed over 200 regions of differential DNA modification, which were specific for each exposure. Reciprocally, using a mouse model of prenatal exposure to dexamethasone we demonstrated that antenatal treatment with glucocorticoids alters the epigenome of the host. We investigated the effects on the expression profiles of genes associated with inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier by qPCR-based gene expression array and verified the DNA modification changes in 5 candidate genes by quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP). Importantly, by 16S RNA sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis of intestinal bacteria in mice at 2 weeks of life,...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation
Methylation Assay
PCR
Amplicon Sequencing

Software Mentioned

qMSP
Tollip
uclust
Slidebook
Genome Studio
QIIME

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