PMID: 8962065Dec 10, 1996Paper

Equilibrium constants and free energies in unfolding of proteins in urea solutions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
I M Klotz

Abstract

A novel thermodynamic approach to the reversible unfolding of proteins in aqueous urea solutions has been developed based on the premise that urea ligands are bound cooperatively to the macromolecule. When successive stoichiometric binding constants have values larger than expected from statistical effects, an equation for moles of bound urea can be derived that contains imaginary terms. For a very steep unfolding curve, one can then show that the fraction of protein unfolded, B, depends on the square of the urea concentration, U, and is given by [equation: see text] A12 is the binding constant as B-->0, and lambda is a parameter that reflects the augmentation in affinities of protein for urea as the moles bound increases to the saturation number, n. This equation provides an analytic expression that reproduces the unfolding curve with good precision, suggests a simple linear graphical procedure for evaluating A12 and lambda, and leads to the appropriate standard free energy changes. The calculated delta G degree values reflect the coupling of urea binding with unfolding of the protein. Some possible implications of this analysis to protein folding in vivo are described.

References

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Citations

Oct 14, 2008·Protein Expression and Purification·Tsutomu ArakawaDaisuke Ejima
Sep 17, 2013·Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society·Rajeev Yadav, Pratik Sen
Oct 7, 2016·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Seishi Shimizu, Nobuyuki Matubayasi
Jul 11, 2006·Physical Biology·E M BaskinG V Zilberstein
Jul 30, 2020·Protein Engineering, Design & Selection : PEDS·Magdalena WójcikYkelien L Boersma
Dec 5, 2017·Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology·Schuyler LeeGongyi Zhang
Nov 6, 2013·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Seishi ShimizuSteven Abbott
Apr 25, 2019·The Protein Journal·Kenneth A Rubinson
Dec 15, 2012·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Jonathan J BoothSeishi Shimizu

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