Equilibrium of multi-phase systems in gravitational fields

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
Ovidiu Voitcu, Janet A W Elliott

Abstract

Four necessary conditions for equilibrium of an isolated solid-liquid-vapor system in a gravitational field were derived by Ward and Sasges (1998) in a unified setting, by using an entropy maximization approach, and under the assumption that the liquid-vapor surface tension does not depend on elevation. These are thermal equilibrium, the Laplace and Young equations, and a condition on the chemical potentials of the components present in the system. Gibbs (1876) had obtained the Young equation in a derivation separate from the derivation of the other three conditions and by using an energy minimization approach. However, Gibbs had derived a more general form of the Laplace equation than Ward and Sasges's. Gibbs's equation contained a term expressing the contribution of the variation of surface tension with elevation. This equation has since been neglected by most of the scientific community. In the present paper, the same approach as Ward and Sasges's is used to derive, in an unified setting, the conditions for equilibrium of an isolated solid-liquid-vapor system in a gravitational field but under the assumption that the liquid-vapor surface tension may depend on elevation. The four well-known conditions for equilibrium are obta...Continue Reading

References

Mar 26, 2003·Journal of Colloid and Interface Science·Jaideep Chatterjee

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 27, 2021·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Sima HejaziJanet A W Elliott
Oct 23, 2020·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Janet A W Elliott

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.