PMID: 15382872Sep 24, 2004Paper

Equivalence of elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance and transmittance with different temperature protocols

Environmental Science & Technology
Judith C ChowKochy Fung

Abstract

Charring of organic carbon (OC) during thermal/optical analysis is monitored by the change in a laser signal either reflected from or transmitted through a filter punch. Elemental carbon (EC) in suspended particulate matter collected on quartz-fiber filters is defined as the carbon that evolves after the detected optical signal attains the value it had prior to commencement of heating, with the rest of the carbon classified as organic carbon (OC). Heretofore, operational definitions of EC were believed to be caused by different temperature protocols rather than by the method of monitoring charring. This work demonstrates that thermal/ optical reflectance (TOR) corrections yield equivalent OC/ EC splits for widely divergent temperature protocols. EC results determined by simultaneous thermal/optical transmittance (TOT) corrections are 30% lower than TOR for the same temperature protocol and 70-80% lower than TOR for a protocol with higher heating temperatures and shorter residence times. This is true for 58 urban samples from Fresno, CA, as well as for 30 samples from the nonurban IMPROVE network that are individually dominated by wildfire, vehicle exhaust, secondary organic aerosol, and calcium carbonate contributions. Visual e...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 28, 2008·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Guorui ZhiJiamo Fu
Sep 18, 2009·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Yan ChengKochy Fung
Oct 21, 2011·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Sailesh N Behera, Mukesh Sharma
Oct 6, 2007·Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)·Ren-Jian ZhangKin-Fai Ho
Dec 10, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Baiqing XuJianqiao He
Mar 6, 2012·Environmental Health Perspectives·Junji CaoHaidong Kan
Mar 2, 2006·Environmental Health Perspectives·John M VeranthGarold S Yost
Mar 27, 2007·Environmental Health Perspectives·Patrick H RyanSergey A Grinshpun
Jul 5, 2007·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Eric M FujitaBarbara Zielinska
Apr 22, 2008·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Sue Anne N SheyaJohn G Watson
Sep 5, 2009·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·John G WatsonNeil H Frank
Feb 5, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jing MingYamin Li
Oct 11, 2015·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Tsatsral BatmunkhKihong Park
Jan 1, 2012·Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)·Liqian YinFuwang Zhang
Sep 13, 2011·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Y ChengW J Wu
Apr 19, 2011·The Science of the Total Environment·Manoranjan SahuPratim Biswas
Jan 18, 2011·Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)·Jing MingPaolo Bonasoni
Dec 29, 2009·The Science of the Total Environment·Y ChengX Hai
Sep 8, 2009·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Renjian ZhangShung Cheng Lee
Jun 30, 2009·The Science of the Total Environment·Min-Suk BaePhilip K Hopke
Sep 28, 2007·The Science of the Total Environment·Zongbo ShiMasahiro Hayashi
Mar 2, 2016·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Henrik OlstrupBertil Forsberg
Jul 2, 2005·Chemosphere·Judith C ChowKaren L Magliano
Mar 17, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Yuhong Guo
Jan 15, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·C PerrinoS Canepari
Jun 21, 2005·Environmental Pollution·Judith C ChowDella Sin
Jun 9, 2015·Air Quality, Atmosphere, & Health·Judith C ChowJohn G Watson
May 15, 2016·The Annals of Occupational Hygiene·Jong Bum KimGwi-Nam Bae
Jun 19, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·S K SharmaS K Ghosh
Jul 30, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Martina GiannoniSilvia Nava

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