PMID: 9424612Jan 10, 1998Paper

Erythemal UV irradiances at Lauder, New Zealand: relationship between horizontal and normal incidence

Photochemistry and Photobiology
R L McKenzieM Kotkamp

Abstract

Measurements from sensors designed to measure erythemal UV irradiance were used to relate the UV incident on a horizontal surface to that incident on a surface maintained normal to the sun throughout the day at Lauder, New Zealand. These UV measurements were also related to variations in global radiation, total column ozone and atmospheric pressure at the surface. Strong correlations were found between these variables over the 37 day observation period in the summer of 1995/1996. Results from these cross-calibrated UV sensors show that the irradiance incident on a surface normal to the sun can be significantly different from that on a horizontal surface. On clear days, the normal-incidence signal can be 30-40% greater for solar zenith angles in the range 60-70 degrees. Consequently, the risk of UV damage can be greater than reported by measurements or models that assume horizontal incidence (e.g., UV index). On cloudy days the normal-incidence UV can be less than 50% of the horizontal-incidence UV. Averaged over a day, any enhancements in normal-incidence UV over horizontal-incidence UV are smaller. The effects were strongly dependent on cloud conditions. Under clear skies the enhancements are generally less than 10%, and the i...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 22, 2005·International Journal of Biometeorology·D GrifoniG Zipoli
Jan 26, 2002·Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology·A V ParisiD Turnbull
Feb 19, 2002·Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology·Michael LebertDonat Peter Häder
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Oct 16, 2009·Radiation Protection Dosimetry·P Koepke
Oct 8, 2011·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Giuseppe R CasaleAlfredo Colosimo
Nov 30, 2010·Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology·P Schouten, A V Parisi
Apr 15, 2006·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Richard H Grant, Gordon M Heisler
Nov 22, 2007·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Donat-Peter HäderRichard McKenzie
Jan 6, 2007·Photochemistry and Photobiology·A R EsteveJ Cañada
Jul 11, 2012·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·E MahéA Beauchet
May 11, 2002·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Richard H GrantWei Gao
May 3, 2001·Photochemistry and Photobiology·R PhiliponaD Schmucki
May 6, 2005·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Martin Allen, Richard McKenzie
Apr 15, 2014·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Francesco ZarattiRichard L McKenzie
Mar 28, 2003·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Richard L McKenzieMohammad Ilyasad
Jun 20, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Maria LehmannOlaf Gefeller

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