Erythropoiesis: Physiology, pathophysiology, and algorithm for classification of the type of anemia

Der Internist
J Fandrey, M Hallek

Abstract

Erythropoiesis is a continuous process that replaces 1% of all erythrocytes per day. To keep the erythrocyte count within stable limits about 3 million cells/s must be renewed. This enormous turnover requires folic acid and vitamin B12 for proper cell differentiation and iron for sufficient haemoglobin synthesis. In particular, iron metabolism underlies a precise regulation which may be disturbed by chronic bleeding, inflammatory disease or impaired dietary intake. If the loss of red blood cells due to physiological aging or bleeding is not balanced by sufficient erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, anaemia will develop. For the classification of various types of anaemia, a well-established algorithm has been proven useful. This algorithm addresses basic questions such as erythrocyte volume, the underlying mechanism, e.g. whether too many cells are destroyed or new cells are not sufficiently generated, and finally aims to define the main causes for the above identified disturbance of erythropoiesis.

References

May 15, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Joachim Fandrey
Jun 20, 2006·Cardiovascular Research·Joachim FandreyMax Gassmann
Feb 22, 2013·Current Opinion in Hematology·Karin E Finberg
Jul 26, 2013·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Yuki Sato, Motoko Yanagita
Aug 7, 2013·Nutrients·Andrea U Steinbicker, Martina U Muckenthaler
Dec 18, 2013·Annals of Hematology·Steve ElliottWolfgang Jelkmann
Jul 18, 2015·Journal of Applied Physiology·Max Gassmann, Martina U Muckenthaler

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