Esophageal tonsil: a novel gut-associated lymphoid organ

Poultry Science
I OláhV Palya

Abstract

The esophageal tonsil of the chicken is a novel, significant element of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Its stable location and histological organization fulfills the meaning of the term "tonsil." The six-to-eight-isolated tonsillar units are located at the border of the esophagus and the proventriculus. The number of tonsillar units is identical with that of the esophageal folds. Each tonsillar unit consists of a crypt lined by lymphoepithelium and surrounded by dense lymphoid tissue, which is organized into T- and B-dependent regions, like peripheral lymphoid organs. The excretory ducts of the mucosal glands of the esophagus are frequently involved in the formation of the lymphoepithelium. The esophageal tonsil is anatomically located cranial to the stomach, unlike the other parts of the GALT. Therefore, it is continuously exposed to undigested environmental antigens, allergens, food, and infectious agents. To develop effective oral vaccines, the existence of the esophageal tonsil has to be taken into account.

Citations

Jun 15, 2010·Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A·C CasteleynP Cornillie
Sep 8, 2009·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·C CasteleynW Van den Broeck
Jun 27, 2007·Journal of Anatomy·Nándor Nagy, Imre Oláh
Mar 1, 2011·Anatomia, histologia, embryologia·C CasteleynW Van den Broeck
Mar 31, 2005·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·Enav Bar ShiraAharon Friedman
Jun 21, 2005·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·Albert van DijkHenk P Haagsman
Jun 18, 2005·Acta Veterinaria Hungarica·N NagyI Oláh
Jun 29, 2021·Anatomia, histologia, embryologia·Nesma I El-NaseeryWael A M Ghonimi

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