Essential micronutrient and toxic trace element concentrations in gluten containing and gluten-free foods

Food Chemistry
Tracy Punshon, Brian P Jackson

Abstract

For individuals following a gluten-free (GF) diet, rice is commonly the major grain. People following a GF diet have a higher arsenic burden than the general population. We conducted a multielemental market basket study of GF and gluten containing ingredients and prepared foods (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Se, Cd, Sb, Pb, total As, As species, total Hg and methylmercury). Foods containing rice were significantly higher in As, Hg and Pb and lower in Se, Fe, Cu and Zn. Wheat-based foods were higher in Cd. Mercury concentrations were low (<3.5 ng/g); speciation was predominantly methylmercury. Arsenic and mercury in rice were correlated. GF foods contained significantly more As and Hg. Eating a wide variety of GF grains may reduce contaminant exposure and increase micronutrient status compared to a rice-based GF diet.

Citations

Sep 21, 2018·Environmental Health Perspectives·Keeve E NachmanMargaret R Karagas
Nov 12, 2020·Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Alma KurkiKatri Lindfors
Nov 19, 2018·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Yuandan MaWuting Zhang
Jul 21, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sajad AliHanhong Bae
Aug 22, 2021·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Bin TangXiaoshan Zhang

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