Establishing safe and potentially efficacious fortification contents for folic acid and vitamin B12

Food and Nutrition Bulletin
Omar Dary

Abstract

Determining the micronutrient contents infortified foods depends not only on the health goal (additional intake to complement the diet), but also on ensuring that fortification does not raise micronutrient intakes beyond the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), i.e., the safe limit. Technological incompatibility and cost may also restrict the fortification contents. For folic acid, the limiting factor is safety, while for vitamin B12, it is cost. However, adequate fortification contents that are both safe and efficacious can be estimated for both nutrients. In order to obtain the maximum benefit from the fortification programs, three different formulas responding to three categories of consumption, as specified by the median and 95th percentile of consumption, are proposed. The model presented is based on the estimation of a Feasible Fortification Level (FFL), which then is used to determine the average, minimum, and maximum contents of the nutrients during production, taking into consideration the acceptable variation of the fortification process. Finally, the regulatory parameters, which support standards and enforcement, are calculated by reducing the proportion of the nutrient that is degraded during the usual marketing proce...Continue Reading

References

Dec 24, 1992·The New England Journal of Medicine·A E Czeizel, I Dudás
Dec 6, 1995·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·L E DalyJ M Scott
Jun 1, 1997·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·P KellyJ M Scott
May 11, 2000·The New England Journal of Medicine·J L Mills
Jun 30, 2001·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·M A HoneinL Y Wong
Jul 11, 2001·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·P WhittakerJ I Rader
Jul 27, 2002·Nutrition Reviews·Omar Dary
Sep 11, 2002·The Journal of Nutrition·Silvina F ChoumenkovitchPaul F Jacques
Dec 25, 2002·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Barry Shane
Dec 25, 2002·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Eoin P Quinlivan, Jesse F Gregory
Oct 2, 2003·The Journal of Nutrition·Eva HertrampfChristine Pfeiffer
Nov 9, 2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Young-In Kim
Apr 13, 2005·Archives of Neurology·Martha Clare MorrisJulie A Schneider
Jan 9, 2007·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·A David Smith
Mar 22, 2007·The Journal of Nutrition·Beth Imhoff-KunschReynaldo Martorell

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 29, 2009·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Sonja Y Hess, Kenneth H Brown
Oct 14, 2016·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Chowdhury JalalLuz María De-Regil
Oct 7, 2011·Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health·Jessica K EmmettMalcolm Riley
Jul 12, 2016·Paediatrics & Child Health·Noam AmiUNKNOWN Canadian Paediatric Society, Drug Therapy and Hazardous Substances Committee
Jul 16, 2010·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Robert J BerryUNKNOWN Folic Acid Working Group
Jul 16, 2010·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Lindsay H AllenGilbert S Omenn
Apr 22, 2021·Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences·Agata Sobczyńska-MaleforaDominic J Harrington

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.