Estimating the leakage contribution of phosphate dosed drinking water to environmental phosphorus pollution at the national-scale

The Science of the Total Environment
M J AscottM E Stuart

Abstract

Understanding sources of phosphorus (P) to the environment is critical for the management of freshwater and marine ecosystems. Phosphate is added at water treatment works for a variety of reasons: to reduce pipe corrosion, to lower dissolved lead and copper concentrations at customer's taps and to reduce the formation of iron and manganese precipitates which can lead to deterioration in the aesthetic quality of water. However, the spatial distribution of leakage into the environment of phosphate added to mains water for plumbosolvency control has not been quantified to date. Using water company leakage rates, leak susceptibility and road network mapping, we quantify the total flux of P from leaking water mains in England and Wales at a 1km grid scale. This is validated against reported leaks for the UKs largest water utility. For 2014, we estimate the total flux of P from leaking mains to the environment to be c. 1.2ktP/year. Spatially, P flux is concentrated in urban areas where pipe density is highest, with major cities acting as a significant source of P (e.g. London into the Thames, with potentially 30% of total flux). The model suggests the majority (69%) of the P flux is likely to be to surface water. This is due to leaka...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 30, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·M E Stuart, D J Lapworth
Nov 8, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·J Crossman, P G Whitehead
Nov 20, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Daren C GooddyBen Wj Surridge
May 30, 2019·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Matthew J AscottDavid A Polya
Jun 20, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·M J AscottB W J Surridge
Oct 20, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Matthew J AscottBen W J Surridge

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