Estimation of 3D Ground Reaction Force Using Nanocomposite Piezo-Responsive Foam Sensors During Walking

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Parker G RosquistAnton E Bowden

Abstract

This paper describes a method for the estimation of the 3D ground reaction force (GRF) during human walking using novel nanocomposite piezo-responsive foam (NCPF) sensors. Nine subjects (5 male, 4 female) walked on a force-instrumented treadmill at 1.34 m/s for 120 s each while wearing a shoe that was instrumented with four NCPF sensors. GRF data, measured via the treadmill, and sensor data, measured via the NCPF inserts, were used in a tenfold cross validation process to calibrate a separate model for each individual. The calibration model estimated average anterior-posterior, mediolateral and vertical GRF with mean average errors (MAE) of 6.52 N (2.14%), 4.79 N (6.34%), and 15.4 N (2.15%), respectively. Two additional models were created using the sensor data from all subjects and subject demographics. A tenfold cross validation process for this combined data set resulted in models that estimated average anterior-posterior, mediolateral and vertical GRF with less than 8.16 N (2.41%), 6.63 N (7.37%), and 19.4 N (2.31%) errors, respectively. Intra-subject estimates based on the model had a higher accuracy than inter-subject estimates, likely due to the relatively small subject cohort used in creating the model. The novel NCPF s...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 22, 2018·Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·Brian PietrosimoneJeffery T Spang
May 20, 2020·Statistics in Biosciences·Jihui LeeJeff Goldsmith
Jun 18, 2020·Sensors·Shahzad Muzaffar, Ibrahim Abe M Elfadel

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