Estimation of daily protein intake based on spot urine urea nitrogen concentration in chronic kidney disease patients

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
Hiroko KannoYoshihiko Kanno

Abstract

Determination of daily protein intake in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires precision. Inaccuracies in recording dietary intake occur, and estimation from total urea excretion presents hurdles owing to the difficulty of collecting whole urine for 24 h. Spot urine has been used for measuring daily sodium intake and urinary protein excretion. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether urea nitrogen (UN) concentration in spot urine can be used to predict daily protein intake instead of the 24-h urine collection in 193 Japanese CKD patients (Stages G1-G5). After patient randomization into 2 datasets for the development and validation of models, bootstrapping was used to develop protein intake estimation models. The parameters for the candidate multivariate regression models were male gender, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum albumin level, spot urinary UN and creatinine level, and spot urinary UN/creatinine levels. The final model contained BMI and spot urinary UN level. The final model was selected because of the higher correlation between the predicted and measured protein intakes r = 0.558 (95 % confidence interva...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1985·Kidney International·B J MaroniW E Mitch
May 1, 1972·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·W K Simmons
Dec 22, 1983·The New England Journal of Medicine·J M GinsbergS Garella
Mar 21, 2007·Contributions to Nephrology·Yoshihiko KannoHiromichi Suzuki
Dec 1, 2007·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Yuhei KawanoUNKNOWN Working Group for Dietary Salt Reduction of the Japanese Society of Hypertension
Nov 13, 2008·Archives of Internal Medicine·Laura C PlantingaNeil R Powe
May 14, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·Anton Y Peleg, David C Hooper
Dec 7, 2010·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Vassiliki Bountziouka, Demosthenes B Panagiotakos

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