Estimation of drug abuse in 9 Polish cities by wastewater analysis

Forensic Science International : Synergy
Agnieszka KlupczynskaZenon J Kokot

Abstract

The aim of this work was to measure illicit drug residues in raw sewage samples collected from nine Polish cities in order to determine trends in illicit drug use in these urban populations. This is the first study involving an analysis of samples from several sewage treatment plants in Poland and covering such a large population. Concentration of illicit drugs was determined using a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The samples were subjected to a multistep preparation procedure with a solid phase extraction as a main pre-treatment step. Among the selected drugs investigated in the study, amphetamine was found in the greatest amounts in all sewage samples and consequently was the most prevalent drug of abuse. Higher loads of illicit drug residues were found during weekends compared to the weekdays, especially for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and benzoylecgonine, main metabolite of cocaine.

References

Dec 11, 1999·Environmental Health Perspectives·C G Daughton, T A Ternes
Aug 9, 2005·Environmental Health : a Global Access Science Source·Ettore ZuccatoRoberto Fanelli
Aug 19, 2008·Environmental Health Perspectives·Ettore ZuccatoRoberto Fanelli
Jul 30, 2010·Environmental Pollution·Chris MetcalfeViviane Yargeau
Jan 25, 2011·Environment International·Alexander L N van NuijsAdrian Covaci
Mar 11, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Rodney J IrvineJason M White
May 1, 2012·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Pablo Vazquez-RoigYolanda Picó
Jul 28, 2012·The Science of the Total Environment·Kevin V ThomasPim de Voogt
Dec 18, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Aino KankaanpääTeemu Gunnar
Dec 18, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Marcus OstmanRichard H Lindberg
Feb 4, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Usman KhanAdrian Covaci
Jun 26, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Sara CastiglioniPaul Griffiths
Jul 22, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Tomáš MackuľakIgor Bodík
May 2, 2015·The Science of the Total Environment·Ki Yong KimJeong-Eun Oh

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 19, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Igor BodíkLucia Ivanová
Mar 28, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Lubertus BijlsmaJosé Benito Quintana

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.