PMID: 15330464Aug 28, 2004Paper

Estimation of safe exposure time from an ophthalmic operating microscope with regard to ultraviolet radiation and blue-light hazards to the eye

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
Ralph Michael, Alfred Wegener

Abstract

Hazards from the optical radiation of an operating microscope that cause damage at the corneal, lenticular, and retinal levels were investigated; we considered, in particular, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and blue light. The spectral irradiance from a Zeiss operation microscope OPMI VISU 200 was measured in the corneal plane between 300 and 1100 nm. Effective irradiance and radiance were calculated with relative spectral effectiveness data from the American Conference for Governmental and Industrial Hygienists. Safe exposure time to avoid UVR injury to the lens and cornea was found to be 2 h without a filter, 4 h with a UVR filter, 200 a yellow filter, and 400 h with a filter combination. Safe exposure time to avoid retinal photochemical injury was found to be 3 min without a filter and with a UVR filter, 10 min with a yellow filter, and 49 min with a filter combination. The effective radiance limit for retinal thermal injury was not exceeded. The hazard due to the UVR component from the operating microscope is not critical, and operation time can be safely prolonged with the use of appropriate filters. The retinal photochemical hazard appears critical without appropriate filters, permitting only some minutes of safe exposure ti...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 21, 2006·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·P Hawse
May 14, 2008·Archives of Ophthalmology·András M KomáromyGustavo D Aguirre
May 19, 2007·Reviews on Environmental Health·Michael G Kimlin, Thomas D Tenkate
Jul 16, 2005·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·Richard MaierHugo Ruediger
Aug 28, 2012·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·Neil McCuskerAnthony J Ireland
Dec 23, 2015·Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology·P K SahuLaura Biakthangi
Oct 3, 2006·Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery·Bong-Hyun Kim
May 16, 2006·Contact Lens & Anterior Eye : the Journal of the British Contact Lens Association·Linda Moore, Jannie T Ferreira
Sep 30, 2014·Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery·Wei Kiong Ngo, Colin S Tan
Sep 7, 2017·International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics : JOSE·John D BulloughMark S Rea
Jul 2, 2009·Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO·Yang Kyeung Cho, Man Soo Kim
Mar 29, 2018·Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery·Hyejin SeoTerry Kim
Feb 6, 2019·BMJ Case Reports·Min-Seok KimMo-Yeol Kang
Sep 25, 2019·Indian Journal of Ophthalmology·Yu Jeong KimKyu Hyung Park
Nov 26, 2019·The Journal of the American Dental Association·Marie T FluentRichard B Price
Oct 4, 2020·Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery·Eric D RosenbergKimberly C Sippel

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