Estrogen replacement therapy in combination with continuous intrauterine progestin administration reduces the amount of circulating oxidized LDL in postmenopausal women: dependence on the dose of progestin

Annals of Medicine
Markku AhotupaTiina Hakonen

Abstract

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a key role in processes leading to atherosclerosis. Recent studies show that LDL oxidation in vitro is effectively prevented by estrogen. Yet, the effect of hormonal therapy (HT) on in vivo LDL oxidation has remained open. We used a novel methodology for the measurement of oxidized LDL in vivo in order to investigate the effects of HT. The subjects were derived from two separate trials. In trial 1 (24 months) women (n = 32) used intra-uterine system releasing 10 micrograms/day levonorgestrel, and 2 mg oral estradiol. Trial 2 (12 months) consisted of two groups of subjects. One group (n = 30) used an intrauterine system releasing 20 micrograms/day levonorgestrel, and 2 mg estradiol; the other group (n = 32) received orally a combination of 1 mg norethisterone acetate and 2 mg estradiol. Blood samples were taken at 6 months intervals. Estimation of in vivo LDL oxidation was based on determination of baseline diene conjugation in isolated LDL. Hormonal therapy in trial 1 decreased markedly in vivo LDL oxidation. The effect was seen after 6 months' HT and became more pronounced towards the end of study (41% decrease; P < 0.0001). Contrary to this, in trial 2 the two different kinds of ho...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 11, 2009·Maturitas·Sven O Skouby, Joergen Jespersen
Jul 31, 2010·Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology·Mertihan KurdogluBulent Goktas
Jul 2, 2011·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Woraluk SomboonpornSukree Soontrapa
Apr 12, 2006·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Susan RichmanFrederick Naftolin
Sep 24, 2004·Drugs & Aging·Susan A Ballagh

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