Estrogenic and DNA-damaging activity of Red No. 3 in human breast cancer cells

Environmental Health Perspectives
C DeesC M Ardies

Abstract

Exposure to pesticides, dyes, and pollutants that mimic the growth promoting effects of estrogen may cause breast cancer. The pesticide DDT and the food colorant Red No. 3 were found to increase the growth of HTB 133 but not estrogen receptor (ER) negative human breast cells (HTB 125) or rat liver epithelial cells (RLE). Red No. 3, beta-estradiol, and DDT increase ER site-specific DNA binding to the estrogen response element in HTB 133 cells and increase cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Site-specific DNA binding by p53 in RLE, HTB 125, HTB 133, and MCF-7 cells was increased when they were treated with Red No. 3, which suggests that cellular DNA was damaged by this colorant. Red No. 3 increased binding of the ER from MCF-7 cells to the estrogen-responsive element. Consumption of Red No. 3, which has estrogenlike growth stimulatory properties and may be genotoxic, could be a significant risk factor in human breast carcinogenesis.

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Citations

Nov 6, 2002·Nutrition and Cancer·C Murray Ardies
Apr 1, 1997·Environmental Health Perspectives·C DeesJ Wimalasena
May 11, 2011·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Alejandro Canales-AguirreRuth De Celis
Jun 9, 1998·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·D L DavisE Sittner
Oct 21, 2004·Cancer·David G BostwickBarry Timms
Sep 13, 2017·Toxicology and Industrial Health·Farah Md ChequerLusânia Mg Antunes
Apr 1, 1997·Environmental Health Perspectives·D L DavisH L Bradlow
Mar 4, 2008·Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Kanako SatohFumiko Nagai

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