Estrogens in Human Male Gonadotropin Secretion and Testicular Physiology From Infancy to Late Puberty.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Gabriela GuercioAlicia Belgorosky

Abstract

Several reports in humans as well as transgenic mouse models have shown that estrogens play an important role in male reproduction and fertility. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are expressed in different male tissues including the brain. The estradiol-binding protein GPER1 also mediates estrogen action in target tissues. In human testes a minimal ERα expression during prepuberty along with a marked pubertal up-regulation in germ cells has been reported. ERβ expression was detected mostly in spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and immature spermatids. In Sertoli cells ERβ expression increases with age. The aromatase enzyme (cP450arom), which converts androgens to estrogens, is widely expressed in human tissues (including gonads and hypothalamus), even during fetal life, suggesting that estrogens are also involved in human fetal physiology. Moreover, cP450arom is expressed in the early postnatal testicular Leydig cells and spermatogonia. Even though the aromatase complex is required for estrogen synthesis, its biological relevance is also related to the regulation of the balance between androgens and estrogens in different tissues. Knockout mouse models of aromatase (ArKO) and estrogen receptors (ERKOα, ERKOβ, and...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 20, 2020·Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology·Robert KrysiakBogusław Okopień
Sep 17, 2020·Scientific Reports·Clara ValeriRodolfo A Rey
Jan 15, 2021·Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity·Rex A HessBarry T Hinton
Mar 2, 2021·Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII·Gennadi TulchinerMartin Thurnher
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Giuseppe RinonapoliAuro Caraffa
Aug 23, 2020·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Hélène HolotaDavid H Volle
Jun 16, 2021·Toxicology and Industrial Health·Lingna YiYuqin Shi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
biopsy

Software Mentioned

YASARA
FoldX Suite

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