Estrone and estrone sulfate concentrations in milk and milk fractions

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Ann L MacrinaR S Kensinger

Abstract

Dairy products naturally contain estrogens, and some consumer groups contend these estrogens cause adverse health effects. The objectives of this research were to characterize estrone (E(1)) and estrone sulfate (E(1)S) concentrations in milk from a large number of individual cows, in skim and fat fractions of milk, and in retail milk to provide food and nutrition practitioners with information to estimate potential consumption. Milk was from Holstein cows. Data are presented as means and standard deviations. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in E(1) and E(1)S content of whole milk and its skim and fat fractions. Mean E(1) and E(1)S concentrations (n=173 cows) were 7.0±12.7 and 46.7±62.1 pg/mL (25.89±46.96 and 172.74±229.71 pmol/L), respectively. Analysis of milk fractions (n=50 samples) demonstrated that 55% of E(1) and 14% of E(1)S were associated with the fat fraction with the remainder associated with the skim fraction. Concentrations of E(1) and E(1)S in pasteurized-homogenized whole milk (n=8) averaged 10.3±0.6 and 85.9±7.3 pg/mL (38.09±2.22 and 317.74±27.00 pmol/L), respectively. Production rates of E(1) plus estradiol in human beings range from 54,000 to 630,000 ng/day. US Food and Drug administratio...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 23, 2015·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Sylwia Stypuła-TrębasJan Żmudzki
Aug 2, 2015·Current Environmental Health Reports·Keeve E Nachman, Tyler J S Smith
Aug 26, 2017·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·A R GilmanM H Dahan
May 14, 2018·Current Environmental Health Reports·Alan S KolokShannon L Bartelt-Hunt
Nov 8, 2018·European Journal of Endocrinology·Tomaž Snoj, Gregor Majdič
Nov 20, 2019·Journal of Food Science and Technology·Bamdad Riahi-ZanjaniGholamreza Karimi
Feb 26, 2020·International Journal of Epidemiology·Gary E FraserSynnove Knutsen
Nov 21, 2020·The Journal of Dairy Research·Malcolm Peaker
May 3, 2018·Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·Maryam S FarvidWalter C Willett

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