Ethnic differences in arterial stiffness and wave reflections after cigarette smoking

Journal of Hypertension
Daniel LemogoumPhilippe van de Borne

Abstract

Smoking increases plasma nicotine. Nicotine releases catecholamines and alters arterial distensibility. The nicotine intake per cigarette is greater and serum cotinine levels, the proximate metabolite of nicotine, are higher in Blacks than in Whites. We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoking increases the pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, and the augmentation index (AI), a measure of wave reflection, more in Blacks than in Whites. We matched Black (n = 30) and White (n = 30) smokers for age, gender, body mass index and height. We determined carotid-femoral PWV (PWVCF) and carotid-radial PWV (PWVCR) (Complior), the AI derived from the aortic pressure waveform (applanation tonometry, Sphygmocor), blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and cotinine levels before and after cigarette smoking. We also performed measurements in 16 participants after sham smoking. Smoking increased the AI, PWVCF and PWVCR in the whole population (all P < 0.05, n = 60). Increases in the AI and PWV were positively related to serum cotinine levels (all P < 0.05). Smoking increased serum cotinine (P = 0.01) and mean blood pressure (P = 0.03) more, but raised the HR to a lesser extent, in Blacks [+8 +/- 4 versus +13 +/- 6 beats/min i...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1990·European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·I BerlinM Safar
Jul 1, 1995·Hypertension·M O'Rourke
Jan 1, 1995·Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology·J A JohnsonR N Stiles
Jul 20, 1995·The New England Journal of Medicine·C C LangA J Wood
Jan 13, 1993·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·I KawachiC H Hennekens
Jun 1, 1997·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·N L Benowitz, S G Gourlay
Aug 1, 1997·Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved·A F Manley
Mar 6, 1998·Journal of Hypertension·M FaillaG Mancia
Jun 11, 1998·Journal of Applied Physiology·A C Villablanca
Jul 21, 1998·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·E J Pérez-StableN L Benowitz
Aug 26, 1998·Circulation·K NarkiewiczV K Somers
Apr 28, 1999·Archives of Internal Medicine·D R JacobsH Blackburn
Jul 27, 1999·Journal of Hypertension·U GerhardtH Hohage
Feb 17, 2000·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·T NeunteuflK Kostner
Sep 6, 2000·International Journal of Experimental Pathology·R Michael Pittilo
Sep 22, 2001·Hypertension·G M LondonM E Safar
Feb 5, 2002·American Journal of Hypertension·Ian B WilkinsonJohn R Cockcroft
May 23, 2002·American Journal of Hypertension·Luc M Van BortelChristian Thuillez
Dec 11, 2002·Journal of Hypertension·Jens NürnbergerRafael F Schäfers
Jan 4, 2003·Hypertension·Azra Mahmud, John Feely
May 10, 2003·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Adrienne S ZionRonald E De Meersman
Jan 8, 2004·Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : CCLM·Emmanuelle Cognard, Christian Staub
Apr 22, 2004·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·Karen AhijevychJo Clarke
Jul 6, 2004·Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging·Poul Flemming Høilund-CarlsenBirte Hjort Jensen
Dec 23, 2004·Journal of Hypertension·Daniel LemogoumMarc Leeman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 22, 2010·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Robert J DoonanStella S Daskalopoulou
Apr 10, 2010·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Robert J DoonanStella S Daskalopoulou
Feb 12, 2009·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·Dionysios AdamopoulosPhilippe van de Borne
Aug 22, 2014·Inhalation Toxicology·Mahmoud A AlomariThomas Eissenberg
Oct 1, 2011·Clinical and Experimental Hypertension : CHE·Aletta E SchutteManja Reimann
Feb 3, 2007·International Journal of Cardiology·Ross ArenaKenneth A Kraft
Sep 13, 2011·Atherosclerosis·Matthew S MarkertTatjana Rundek
May 29, 2007·American Journal of Hypertension·Moo-Yong RheeHae-Young Kim
Aug 7, 2007·American Journal of Hypertension·Kevin S HeffernanBo Fernhall
Aug 20, 2016·JRSM Cardiovascular Disease·Luca FacontiKennedy J Cruickshank
Dec 2, 2011·Journal of Human Hypertension·M C GlynA E Schutte
Nov 4, 2017·Journal of Applied Physiology·I Mark OlfertPaul D Chantler
Feb 2, 2019·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Daniel J ConklinAruni Bhatnagar
Jul 12, 2007·Clinical Science·Paul K HamiltonGary E McVeigh
Jun 13, 2017·Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis·Junichiro Hashimoto

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.