Etiology and treatment of hypogonadism in adolescents.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
Vidhya Viswanathan, Erica A Eugster

Abstract

Adequate functioning at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is necessary for normal gonadal development and subsequent sex steroid production. Deficiencies at any level of the axis can lead to a hypogonadal state. The causes of hypogonadism are heterogeneous and may involve any level of the reproductive system. This review discusses various causes of hypogonadism, describes the evaluation of hypogonadal states, and outlines treatment options for the induction of puberty in affected adolescents. Whereas some conditions are clearly delineated, the exact etiology and underlying pathogenesis of many disorders is unknown.

References

Jan 1, 1991·Hormone Research·G von KalckreuthR H Rosskamp
Sep 1, 1991·Histopathology·N M SmithA J Bourne
Jan 1, 1989·The Journal of Endocrinology·S M ShaletG Read
Jun 19, 1986·The New England Journal of Medicine·R J ChetkowskiH L Judd
Dec 15, 1988·The New England Journal of Medicine·R A Richman, L R Kirsch
Sep 21, 1972·The New England Journal of Medicine·R BoyarL Hellman
Jan 1, 1980·Clinical Endocrinology·W J JeffcoateG M Besser
Apr 23, 1981·The New England Journal of Medicine·F R KaufmanR Koch
Jun 1, 1982·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·R RappaportJ Lemerle
Sep 1, 1993·Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology·J C GoodpastureR L Rosenfield
Jan 14, 1993·The New England Journal of Medicine·L S ConstineP Rubin
Dec 1, 1996·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·R H Wharton, K J Loechner
Feb 1, 1997·Endocrine Reviews·A HoekH A Drexhage
Feb 1, 1997·European Journal of Pediatrics·L L PrestozK G Petry
Aug 1, 1997·Medical and Pediatric Oncology·L R MeachamN S Krawiecki
Aug 28, 1997·The New England Journal of Medicine·L C LaymanJ L Jameson
Dec 5, 1997·The Journal of Pediatrics·J L MillsJ Byrne
Nov 27, 1999·Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology·A AkefeldtC Gillberg
Jan 5, 2000·Clinical Endocrinology·I J ArnholdB B Mendonca
Feb 26, 2000·Pediatric Hematology and Oncology·J A López AndreuA Romeu
Mar 30, 2000·Annals of Human Genetics·S J AbulhasanS A al-Awadi
Apr 12, 2001·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·L M OliveiraM Vallejo
Jun 9, 2001·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·S A LiebermanR J Urban
Jun 23, 2001·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·N de Roux, E Milgrom
Jul 10, 2001·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·C Ankarberg-LindgrenE Norjavaara
Aug 2, 2001·Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology·C M Holland

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 8, 2015·Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology·Hyo Jeong KimDooSeok Choi
Jun 22, 2012·Annals of Human Biology·Peter T EllisonVictoria Wobber

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes

This feed focuses on a rare genetic condition called Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes, which are characterized by autoantibodies against multiple endocrine organs. This can lead to Type I Diabetes.

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathies

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathies, also called polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PGASs), or polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes(PASs), are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against more than one endocrine organ, although non-endocrine organs can be affected. Discover the latest research on autoimmune polyendocrinopathies here.

Addison Disease

Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism, is a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones. Discover the latest research on Addison's disease here.

Related Papers

Pediatric Clinics of North America
Vidhya Viswanathan, Erica A Eugster
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism : TEM
William H Colledge
European Journal of Endocrinology
Asterios Karagiannis, Faidon Harsoulis
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved