Etiology of pediatric fever in western Kenya: a case-control study of falciparum malaria, respiratory viruses, and streptococcal pharyngitis

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Wendy P O'MearaThomas L Holland

Abstract

In Kenya, more than 10 million episodes of acute febrile illness are treated annually among children under 5 years. Most are clinically managed as malaria without parasitological confirmation. There is an unmet need to describe pathogen-specific etiologies of fever. We enrolled 370 febrile children and 184 healthy controls. We report demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Plasmodium falciparum, group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis, and respiratory viruses (influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], parainfluenza [PIV] types 1-3, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus [hMPV]), as well as those with undifferentiated fever. Of febrile children, 79.7% were treated for malaria. However, P. falciparum was detected infrequently in both cases and controls (14/268 [5.2%] versus 3/133 [2.3%], P = 0.165), whereas 41% (117/282) of febrile children had a respiratory viral infection, compared with 24.8% (29/117) of controls (P = 0.002). Only 9/515 (1.7%) children had streptococcal infection. Of febrile children, 22/269 (8.2%) were infected with > 1 pathogen, and 102/275 (37.1%) had fevers of unknown etiology. Respiratory viruses were common in both groups, but only influenza or parainfluenza was more likely to be ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 2, 2016·Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·N W FurukawaJ M Montgomery
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Aug 20, 2016·International Journal of Cardiology·Rebecca H LumsdenWendy P O'Meara
Apr 27, 2016·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Gaël MourembouDidier Raoult
Jul 17, 2018·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Julia GuillebaudJean-Michel Héraud
Nov 21, 2018·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Jimmy HortionA Desiree LaBeaud
Jan 14, 2018·Scientific Reports·Alyssa PlattWendy Prudhomme O' Meara
Jun 13, 2018·Infectious Diseases of Poverty·Francois KiemdeMichael Boele van Hensbroek
Dec 2, 2020·BMC Infectious Diseases·Techalew ShimelisSusana Vaz Nery

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