PMID: 16523685Mar 10, 2006Paper

Eukaryotic error prone DNA polymerases: suggested roles in replication, repair and mutagenesis

Molekuliarnaia biologiia
V M Krutiakov

Abstract

A number of error-prone DNA polymerases is found among eukaryotes from yeasts up to mammalia including humans. According to the partial homology of a primary structure, they are united in families B, X, Y and display high infidelity on uninjured DNA-template, whereas they are rather accurate on DNA injuries. These DNA polymerases are characterized by the probability of base substitutions or frame shifts of 10(-3) to 7.5 x 10(-1) on DNA injuries, whereas the probability of spontaneous mutagenesis per replicated nucleotide accounts 10(-10) - 10(-12). Inaccurate DNA polymerases are terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), DNA polymerases beta, zeta, kappa, eta, iota, lamda, mu, and Rev1. Their principal properties are described in this review. All of the polymerases under study are deprived of the corrective 3'-->5' exonucleolytic activity. The specialization of these polymerases is contained in the capability to synthesize opposite DNA lesions (not eliminated by multiple repair systems) that is explained by the flexibility of their active sites or by the limited capability to exhibit the TdT activity. Classic DNA polymerases alpha, delta, epsilon, and gamma cannot elongate the primers with mismatched nucleotides on their 3'-e...Continue Reading

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