Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 phosphorylation and translational control in metabolism.

Advances in Nutrition
Thomas D Baird, Ronald C Wek

Abstract

Regulation of mRNA translation is a rapid and effective means to couple changes in the cellular environment with global rates of protein synthesis. In response to stresses, such as nutrient deprivation and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α~P) reduces general translation initiation while facilitating the preferential translation of select transcripts, such as that encoding activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a transcriptional activator of genes subject to the integrated stress response (ISR). In this review, we highlight the translational control processes regulated by nutritional stress, with an emphasis on the events triggered by eIF2α~P, and describe the family of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 kinases and the mechanisms by which each sense different stresses. We then address 3 questions. First, what are the mechanisms by which eIF2α~P confers preferential translation on select mRNA and what are the consequences of the gene expression induced by the ISR? Second, what are the molecular processes by which certain stresses can differentially activate eIF2α~P and ATF4 expression? The third question we address is what are...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 16, 2013·International Journal for Parasitology·Christian KonradWilliam J Sullivan
Jul 31, 2013·Archives of Toxicology·Ching-Yi WengMing-Jiuan Wu
Mar 22, 2014·Molecular Biology of the Cell·Thomas D BairdRonald C Wek
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