Evaluating a direct swabbing method for screening pesticides on fruit and vegetable surfaces using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) coupled to an Exactive benchtop orbitrap mass spectrometer

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Elizabeth Crawford, Brian Musselman

Abstract

Rapid screening of pesticides present on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables has been facilitated by using a Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART(®)) open air surface desorption ionization source coupled to an Exactive(®) high-resolution accurate mass benchtop orbitrap mass spectrometer. The use of cotton and polyester cleaning swabs to collect and retain pesticides for subsequent open air desorption ionization is demonstrated by sampling the surface of various produce to which solutions of pesticides have been applied at levels 10 and 100 times below the tolerance levels established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Samples analyzed include cherry tomatoes, oranges, peaches and carrots each chosen for their surface characteristics which include: smooth, pitted, fuzzy, and rough respectively. Results from the direct analysis of fungicides on store-bought oranges are also described. In all cases, the swabs were introduced directly into the heated ionizing gas of the DART source resulting in production of protonated pesticide molecules within seconds of sampling. Operation of the orbitrap mass spectrometer at 25,000 full-width half maximum resolution was sufficient to generate high-quality accurate ma...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 11, 2013·Chemical Reviews·María Eugenia MongeFacundo M Fernández
Jul 24, 2013·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Mridul Kanti MandalKenzo Hiraoka
Jul 30, 2014·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Anastasia AlbertCarsten Engelhard
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Sep 10, 2015·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Anu VaikkinenTiina J Kauppila
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May 16, 2015·Mass Spectrometry Reviews·Tianyang GuoTianwei Tan
Jul 6, 2015·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Clara IbáñezAlejandro Cifuentes
Jun 24, 2016·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Edward Sisco, Jeffrey Dake
Jun 5, 2019·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Yi YouJacob T Shelley
Oct 2, 2020·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Miriam Beneito-CambraAntonio Molina-Díaz
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Jan 8, 2019·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Min-Li WuYu-Chie Chen
Dec 6, 2020·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Xiaoping ZhangKonstantin Chingin
Dec 3, 2014·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Zhengjun GongMeikun Fan

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