Evaluating local adaptation of a complex phenotype: reciprocal tests of pigmy rattlesnake venoms on treefrog prey

Oecologia
Sarah A Smiley-WaltersH L Gibbs

Abstract

Theory predicts that predator-prey interactions can generate reciprocal selection pressures on species pairs, which can result in local adaptation, yet the presence and pattern of local adaptation is poorly studied in vertebrate predator-prey systems. Here, we used a reciprocal common garden (laboratory) experimental design involving comparisons between local and foreign populations to determine if local adaptation was present between a generalist predator-the pigmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius)-and a co-occurring prey-the squirrel treefrog (Hyla squirella). We conducted toxicity trials using snake venom from two populations separated by 340 km tested on prey from sympatric and allopatric populations, resulting in data from four venom origin-frog origin combinations. We assessed venom effectiveness using two measures (frog mortality at 24 h and time to frog death) and then used regression analyses to look for a signal of local adaptation with either measure. We found evidence for local adaptation for one measure (time to death), but not the other (frog mortality). We argue that in this system, the time to death of a prey item is a more ecologically relevant measure of venom effectiveness than is frog mortality at 24 h. Our ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 6, 2018·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Mark J MargresDarin R Rokyta
Jun 20, 2020·Molecular Ecology·Alexander OchoaH Lisle Gibbs
Nov 28, 2019·Toxins·Ondřej MichálekStano Pekár
Feb 8, 2018·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Sarah A Smiley-WaltersH Lisle Gibbs
Apr 21, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Matthew L HoldingChristopher L Parkinson
Jul 30, 2021·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Kelly E RobinsonRulon W Clark

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Protein Assay

Software Mentioned

MASS
R

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