Evaluating testosterone as a phenotypic integrator: From tissues to individuals to species

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
S E LipshutzKimberly A Rosvall

Abstract

Hormones have the potential to bring about rapid phenotypic change; however, they are highly conserved over millions of years of evolution. Here, we examine the evolution of hormone-mediated phenotypes, and the extent to which regulation is achieved via independence or integration of the many components of endocrine systems. We focus on the sex steroid testosterone (T), its cognate receptor (androgen receptor) and related endocrine components. We pose predictions about the mechanisms underlying phenotypic integration, including coordinated sensitivity to T within and among tissues and along the HPG axis. We then assess these predictions with case studies from wild birds, asking whether gene expression related to androgenic signaling naturally co-varies among individuals in ways that would promote phenotypic integration. Finally, we review how mechanisms of integration and independence vary over developmental or evolutionary time, and we find limited support for integration.

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Citations

Jul 9, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Heather E Watts
May 30, 2020·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Sara E Lipshutz, Kimberly A Rosvall
Aug 17, 2019·Hormones and Behavior·Kimberly A RosvallElizabeth M George
Aug 12, 2020·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Sean C Lema

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