Evaluating the applicability of regulatory leaching tests for assessing lead leachability in contaminated shooting range soils.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Xinde Cao, D Dermatas

Abstract

The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is the current US-EPA standard protocol to evaluate metal leachability in wastes and contaminated soils. However, application of TCLP to assess lead (Pb) leachability from contaminated shooting range soils may be questionable. This study determined Pb leachability in the range soils using TCLP and another US-EPA regulatory leaching method, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP). Possible mechanisms that are responsible for Pb leaching in each leaching protocol were elucidated via X-ray diffraction (XRD). Soil samples were collected from the backstop berms at four shooting ranges, with Pb concentrations ranging from 5,000 to 60,600 mg kg(-1) soil. Lead concentrations in the TCLP leachates were from 3 to 350 mg l(-1), with all but one soil exceeding the USEPA non-hazardous waste disposal limit of 5 mg l(-1). However, continued dissolution of metallic Pb particles from spent Pb bullets and its re-precipitation as cerussite (PbCO(3)) prevented the TCLP extraction from reaching equilibrium at the end of the standard leaching period (18 h). Thus, the standard one-point TCLP test would either over- or under-estimate Pb leachability in shooting range soils. Lead concentra...Continue Reading

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Oct 6, 2004·Environmental Science & Technology·Amlan GhoshWendell Ela

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Citations

Dec 25, 2012·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Xinde CaoHuangying Le
Nov 28, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·E Marie MueheAndreas Kappler
Mar 22, 2015·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·Anushka Upamali RajapakshaYong Sik Ok
Nov 5, 2016·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Jingjing Wu, Hwidong Kim
Nov 12, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Yinghao ZhaoXinde Cao

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