Evaluating the massive underreporting and undertesting of COVID-19 cases in multiple global epicenters.

Pulmonology
Hien LauVeria Khosrawipour

Abstract

With continuous global COVID-19 outbreak, differing case numbers and mortality rates are observed. While actual case numbers appear vague, mortality numbers related to COVID-19 seem more precise. In this study, we used the mortality rate as the main indicator to evaluate the extent of underreporting and underdetection of COVID-19 cases. We have analyzed all available data provided by the World Health Organization on the development of international COVID-19 cases and mortality numbers on March 17th, 2020. A crude case-fatality risk (cCFR) and adjusted case-fatality risk (aCFR) was calculated for China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Iran and the United States. Additionally, a fold-change (FC) was derived for each country. The highest aCFR and FC were detected for Spain. Based on their FC values, an extremely high number of undetected COVID-19 cases was displayed in France, the United States, Italy and Spain. For these countries, our findings indicate a detection rate of only 1-2% of total actual COVID-19 cases. Due to limited testing capacities, mortality numbers may serve as a better indicator for COVID-19 case spread in many countries. Our data indicate that countries like France, Italy, the United States,...Continue Reading

References

Aug 4, 2005·American Journal of Epidemiology·A C GhaniG M Leung
Jul 9, 2010·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Hiroshi Nishiura
Jun 5, 2013·Epidemiology·Heath Kelly, Benjamin J Cowling
Jan 30, 2020·Journal of Medical Virology·Weier WangFangqiang Wei
Mar 9, 2020·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Annelies Wilder-SmithVernon J Lee
Mar 14, 2020·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Nick WilsonMichael G Baker
Mar 14, 2020·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Kenji Mizumoto, Gerardo Chowell
Mar 23, 2020·Lancet·Dale Fisher, Annelies Wilder-Smith
Mar 25, 2020·Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi·Hien LauTanja Khosrawipour

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 28, 2020·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·Mark S NestorDavid Arnold
Sep 9, 2020·Journal of Medical Virology·Mohamed ArafkasVeria Khosrawipour
Sep 6, 2020·Nature Medicine·Mayra Monteiro de OliveiraKarin Nielsen-Saines
Oct 22, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Taishi Kayano, Hiroshi Nishiura
Dec 22, 2020·Acta Oncologica·Gunnar LarforsDavid Pettersson
Jan 5, 2021·Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering·Guanyu JiangHe Liu
Oct 27, 2020·Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine·A M C H AttanayakeS Jayasinghe
Feb 23, 2021·PeerJ·Olubukola O Olusola-Makinde, Olusola S Makinde
Apr 2, 2021·Frontiers in Public Health·Enahoro IboiLanre Akinyemi
Apr 18, 2021·Scientific Reports·Wei FuShin-Yi Chou
Apr 22, 2021·Scientific Reports·Paolo BracaKrishna Pattipati
Jun 9, 2021·BMC Infectious Diseases·Soumik PurkayasthaBhramar Mukherjee
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Deborah Araujo PolicarpoRoberta Torres de Melo
Jun 28, 2021·Lancet·Aayush Visaria, Tina Dharamdasani
Jun 29, 2021·Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease·Jenna K PangJoshua J Cummins
Jul 3, 2021·Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering : MBE·Sherry E ScottKamal Barley
Jun 25, 2021·ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research : CEOR·Enrico TorreGiacomo Matteo Bruno
Jul 23, 2021·International nursing review·Tracey McDonald
Aug 19, 2021·Cadernos de saúde pública·Carolina Abreu de CarvalhoAntônio Augusto Moura da Silva
Sep 2, 2021·Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives·Shine StephenManju Dhandapani
Oct 10, 2021·NPJ Digital Medicine·Sercan Ö ArıkTomas Pfister
Oct 30, 2021·BMC Infectious Diseases·Vinicius AlbaniJorge Zubelli
Nov 25, 2021·Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·Wayne M GetzCarl P Simon
Jan 28, 2022·PloS One·Jida M Al-MulkiSalim M Adib

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

SPSS Statistics

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.