Evaluation of a new disinfection approach: efficacy of chlorine and bromine halogenated contact disinfection for reduction of viruses and microcystin toxin.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Angela D CoullietteJ B Rose

Abstract

Contaminated drinking water is responsible for causing diarrheal diseases that kill millions of people a year. Additionally, toxin-producing blue-green algae associated with diarrhea and neurologic effects continues to be an issue for many drinking water supplies. Disinfection has been used to reduce these risks. A novel gravity-fed household drinking water system with canisters containing N-halamine bromine or chlorine media was challenged with MS2 bacteriophage and microcystin. Chlorine and bromine systems were effective against this virus, with an mean +/- SE reduction of 2.98 +/- 0.26 log(10) and 5.02 +/- 0.19 log(10), respectively. Microcystin toxin was reduced by 27.5% and 88.5% to overall mean +/- SE concentrations of 1,600 +/- 98 ng/L and 259 +/- 50 ng/L for the chlorine and bromine canisters, respectively. Only the bromine units consistently produced microcystin effluent < 1,000 ng/L (the World Health Organization recommended level) when challenged with 2,500 ng/L and consistently surpassed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency virus reduction goal of 99.99%.

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Citations

Jun 11, 2011·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Hasan B KocerT S Huang
Oct 20, 2011·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Alideertu DongYuxin Chen
Sep 22, 2009·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·S Devin McLennanJoan B Rose
Oct 9, 2012·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·Angela D CoullietteJoan B Rose
Sep 17, 2013·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Amber F RoegnerBirgit Puschner
Apr 19, 2016·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Paola A D'AngeloEugene Wilusz
Mar 3, 2017·Chemical Reviews·Alideertu DongGe Gao
Mar 7, 2020·Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods·Dylan R AddisSadis Matalon
Jul 31, 2010·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Hasan B KocerYonnie Wu

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