Evaluation of cyclonic ash, commercial Na-silicates, lime and phosphoric acid for metal immobilisation purposes in contaminated soils in Flanders (Belgium)

Environmental Pollution
Wouter GeebelenJ Vangronsveld

Abstract

In order to reduce the health risks associated with historically enriched metal smelting sites in Flanders (Belgium), the capacities of a non-beringite cyclonic ash and commercial Na-silicates to fix metals and create conditions to restore vegetation cover were evaluated and compared to lime and H(3)PO(4). All tested amendments reduced Ca(NO(3))(2)-extractable soil metal concentrations and reduced metal uptake in Agrostis capillaris seedlings. Sodium released by Na-silicates was possibly toxic to bean plants while an isotopic dilution technique revealed that metals were only weakly sorbed by silicates (i.e. reversible sorption). Cyclonic ash appeared more efficient than lime in both reducing oxidative stress in beans and Zn, Cu and Pb uptake in grasses. The metal fixing mechanism for both amendments appeared similar (i.e. irreversible fixation at constant pH), in contrast to H(3)PO(4) where at least part of the immobilised Cd was irreversibly fixed across a range of pH.

References

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Citations

Sep 29, 2011·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Osama NegimPhilippe Le Coustumer
Apr 11, 2013·Bioresource Technology·Wansheng ShiZhenya Zhang
May 24, 2011·International Journal of Phytoremediation·Mateus Rosas Ribeiro FilhoNilton Curi
Jun 27, 2009·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jaco VangronsveldMichel Mench
Sep 3, 2014·Journal of Environmental Management·Zuzana MichálkováVojtěch Ettler
Feb 6, 2017·Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology·Ranju R KarnaKirk G Scheckel

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