Evaluation of Dietary Supplement Contamination by Xenobiotic and Essential Elements Using Microwave-Enhanced Sample Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

Journal of Dietary Supplements
Gregory M ZinnH M Skip Kingston

Abstract

Dietary supplements were analyzed by evaluating the elemental content in six widely consumed products manufactured by four well-known companies. The elements included the neurotoxic and carcinogenic elements cadmium, mercury, aluminum, lead, arsenic, and antimony, as well as the essential elements zinc, selenium, chromium, iron, and copper, which were often not listed as ingredients on the product labels. Contamination from either xenobiotic or essential elements was found in all samples analyzed. The samples were prepared using US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 3052, microwave-enhanced digestion. The resulting digests were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry based on EPA Method 6020B. The analytical protocols were validated by analyzing a multivitamin standard reference material, the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 3280. The application of EPA standard methods demonstrated their utility in making accurate and precise measurements in complex matrices with multiple ingredients and excipients. In the future, the use of these methods could provide a uniform quality assurance protocol that can be implemented along with other industry guidelines to improve...Continue Reading

References

Aug 1, 1993·American Journal of Public Health·B P BourgoinA J Quattrone
Aug 13, 1998·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·A H Shankar, A S Prasad
Apr 7, 2000·Environmental Health Perspectives·G M Scelfo, A R Flegal
May 10, 2000·The Journal of Pediatrics·T J PoreaD H Mahoney
Oct 26, 2000·Biological Trace Element Research·I C ChuangT H Lin
Mar 29, 2002·Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry·Wen-Yi ChenMao-Sung Kuo
Jul 11, 2002·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·Petar G IgicKeith W Roach
Oct 9, 2002·Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology·Mark B SalzmanCharles Koo
Feb 20, 2003·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Scott P DolanStephen G Capar
Apr 15, 2004·Nutrition Reviews·Christine Lewis Taylor
Aug 3, 2004·American Journal of Epidemiology·Kathy RadimerMary Frances Picciano
Dec 23, 2004·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Priyadarshini RamanMuraleedharan G Nair
Aug 2, 2005·The Science of the Total Environment·R RaghunathV D Puranik
Oct 1, 2005·Journal of Sports Sciences·R J Maughan
Feb 14, 2006·Toxicology·Richard Crowley, Libby Harvey FitzGerald
Jun 9, 2006·The Science of the Total Environment·E ObiOrish E Orisakwe
Jan 9, 2007·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Jason J Y Woo
Apr 10, 2007·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Leticia García-RicoMartin E Jara-Marini
May 16, 2007·Archives of Internal Medicine·Bimal H AsharStephen D Sisson
Jun 19, 2008·Annals of Internal Medicine·Mark E SutterBrent Morgan
Jun 20, 2008·Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS·Hans GeyerMario Thevis
Jul 24, 2008·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·William R MindakP Michael Bolger
Oct 9, 2009·The New England Journal of Medicine·Pieter A Cohen
Feb 10, 2010·Archives of Internal Medicine·Jennifer K MacFarquharTimothy F Jones
Jul 14, 2010·Clinics in Dermatology·Marcia S DriscollJane M Grant-Kels
Aug 5, 2010·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Bharathi AvulaIkhlas A Khan
Sep 24, 2010·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Susan J Fairweather-TaitRachel Collings
Feb 24, 2011·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Daniel López de RomañaMagdalena Araya
Dec 14, 2011·Journal of Sports Sciences·R J MaughanP Hespel
Dec 15, 2011·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Barrak M AldosaryBrent W Morgan

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 23, 2021·Journal of Dietary Supplements·Agnieszka PiekaraMagdalena Kopacz
Jun 8, 2021·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·C Michael White

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.