PMID: 8594509Feb 1, 1996Paper

Evaluation of levator muscle integrity in ptosis with levator force measurement

Ophthalmology
B R Frueh, D C Musch

Abstract

To determine the efficacy of the force the levator muscle can generate as a diagnostic tool for ascertaining the cause of ptosis. A total of 187 patients with ptosis were evaluated clinically, their levator force was measured, and each ptotic eyelid subsequently had surgical correction. At each step, patients received a diagnosis of congenital or acquired (history- dependent) aponeurotic, myogenic, neurogenic, or mechanical ptosis. To measure the levator force, a clamp placed on the upper eyelid lashes was attached to a force transducer. The maximum force generated on upgaze was recorded as the levator force. Data from healthy subjects were used to determine whether each levator muscle of the ptotic eyelids produced normal or less than normal force. The correct diagnosis was considered to be the diagnosis based on the findings at the time of surgery. The diagnosis of each patient with ptosis determined by eyelid excursion, eyelid excursion plus examination, levator force, and the levator force plus examination results were compared with the correct diagnosis. Eyelid excursion predicted the correct diagnosis 78.2% of the time. When eyelid excursion was combined with the examination results, the diagnosis was correct 84.0% of the...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1973·The Anatomical Record·G E Griffin, G Goldspink

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Citations

Jul 20, 2011·Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics : the Official Journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Michele Altieri, Ettore Ferrari
Mar 18, 1999·Ophthalmology·S M Tucker, S J Verhulst
Mar 21, 2009·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Richard C AllenJeffrey A Nerad
Jul 12, 2011·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Eve E MoscatoStuart R Seiff
Jun 11, 2005·Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift für Augenheilkunde·Michele AltieriGianguido Altieri
Sep 10, 2014·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Richard C AllenKeith D Carter
Apr 24, 2016·Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America·Michael G Neimkin, John B Holds
Feb 13, 2016·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Evan Kalin-HajduFrançois Codère
Jan 16, 2018·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Shay OfirArie Y Nemet
Jun 25, 2019·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Shani PillarArie Y Nemet
Feb 6, 2020·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Gamze Ozturk KarabulutMuhittin Taskapili
Aug 21, 2018·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Kunal R SinhaDaniel B Rootman

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