Evaluation of the cytotoxic and cellular proteome impacts of food-grade TiO2 (E171) using simulated gastrointestinal digestions and a tri-culture small intestinal epithelial model

NanoImpact
Xiaoqiong CaoPhilip Demokritou

Abstract

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are widely used in the food industry; however, regulations for ENMs in food are still in the early stages of development due to insufficient health data. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and changes to the proteomic profile in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium model after exposure to digested food models containing the ubiquitous engineered particulate food additive, TiO2 (E171) with an average size around 110 nm. TiO2 at 0.75% or 1.5% (w/w) concentrations in either a fasting food model (FFM) or a standardized food model (SFM) based on American diet were digested using an in vitro oral-gastric-small intestinal simulator, and the resulting digestas were applied to a small intestinal epithelium tri-culture cellular model. Effects on cell layer integrity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress were assessed. In order to explore the impact on cellular processes beyond basic cytotoxicity, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analyses of control and exposed tri-culture cells was performed. TiO2 in FFM, but not in SFM, produced significant, dose-dependent cytotoxicity (24%, p<0.001), and at the higher dose caused significant oxidative stress (1.24-fold, p<0.01), indicative of a food ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 5, 2020·Small·Magdiel Inggrid SetyawatiKee Woei Ng
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Clara MancusoDonatella Barisani

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