Evaluation of the health risk of platinum group metals emitted from automotive catalytic converters

The Science of the Total Environment
R Merget, G Rosner

Abstract

A health risk assessment of platinum (Pt) emitted from automotive catalytic converters is presented. Following a stepwise approach, the relevant literature is discussed in order to characterize Pt emissions as well as the toxic potential of Pt and its compounds. In an exposure assessment, ambient Pt concentrations in air are predicted to range from approximately 4 pg/m3 (street canyon, typical conditions) up to approximately 112 pg/m3 (express motorway, severe conditions). These values agree well with the few measured concentrations, which are also in the low pg/m3 range. Pt is emitted from catalytic converters in very small amounts (ng/km range), mainly in the (0)-oxidation state (elemental Pt). The nanocrystalline Pt particles are attached to microm-sized aluminum oxide particles. Whether free ultrafine Pt particles may be emitted and result in biological effects has not been studied sufficiently. Hence, risk assessment can only be based on the respiratory sensitizing potential of halogenated Pt salts. The presence of such compounds in automotive Pt emissions cannot definitely be excluded. From recent occupational studies conducted in catalytic converter production, a conservative no-effect level (NOEL) of 1.5 ng/m3 can be de...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1992·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·U Bolm-AudorffG Schultze-Werninghaus
Oct 1, 1995·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·A E CalverleyD Kielkowski
Apr 5, 1996·The Science of the Total Environment·R Schierl, G Fruhmann
Mar 17, 1997·Mutation Research·T GebelH Dunkelberg
Jun 17, 1999·The Science of the Total Environment·S ArteltR Schlögl
Feb 12, 2000·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·R MergetG Schultze-Werninghaus
Mar 1, 1955·A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology·C SHEARD
Mar 1, 1996·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·D NachtigallR Schlögl

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 14, 2007·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Mariella Moldovan
Feb 11, 2012·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·A P RibeiroB Markert
Dec 5, 2003·The Science of the Total Environment·Khaiwal RavindraRené Van Grieken
Oct 27, 2011·Inorganic Chemistry·Matthew P McLaughlinPatrick L Holland
Sep 11, 2010·Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM·Anna PinoBeatrice Bocca
Aug 26, 2011·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Marcella RealePaolo Boscolo
Dec 11, 2013·Chemosphere·Ivo IavicoliEdward J Calabrese
Feb 3, 2009·The Science of the Total Environment·Clare L S Wiseman, Fathi Zereini
Mar 29, 2008·Talanta·Antonio GoncalvesJosé Alvarado
Nov 6, 2007·Chemosphere·Ivo IavicoliAlessandro Alimonti
Sep 8, 2007·Annali Di Chimica·Fuensanta Sánchez RojasJosé Manuel Cano Pavón
Dec 3, 2009·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·Rolf MergetThomas Bruening
Oct 27, 2004·The Science of the Total Environment·R P F SchinsP J A Borm
Oct 9, 2003·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Jürgen WittsiepeLothar Dunemann
May 9, 2014·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Justyna PawlakJakub Chrustowicz
Jul 24, 2015·Evaluation and Program Planning·Yuri CartierAstrid Brousselle
Apr 16, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Mert GuneyGerald J Zagury
Jan 7, 2015·Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science·E SabbioniM Di Gioacchino
Feb 10, 2007·International Archives of Allergy and Immunology·Clara PaolucciSamuele E Burastero
May 12, 2004·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Annette J TheronRonald Anderson
Sep 1, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Sara N SørensenAnders Baun
Jul 13, 2013·Chemical Society Reviews·Honglin LiXiaojun Peng
Oct 5, 2007·Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)·Juan WangYan-zhi Shi
Dec 30, 2014·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·C T KamalaK S V Subramanyam
Jan 26, 2010·Human & Experimental Toxicology·Ivo IavicoliEdward J Calabrese
Nov 5, 2016·Toxicology and Industrial Health·Sané Jansen Van RensburgJohannes Lodewykus Du Plessis
Jun 20, 2014·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Darrell B SonntagCarl R Fulper
Oct 8, 2016·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering·Bongiwe SilwanaVernon Somerset
Nov 7, 2007·International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology·M Di GioacchinoP Boscolo

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.