Evaluation of the Percutaneous Absorption of Ketamine HCl, Gabapentin, Clonidine HCl, and Baclofen, in Compounded Transdermal Pain Formulations, Using the Franz Finite Dose Model

Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
August S Bassani, Daniel Banov

Abstract

This study evaluates the ability of four commonly used analgesics (ketamine HCl, gabapentin, clonidine HCl, and baclofen), when incorporated into two transdermal compounding bases, Lipoderm and Lipoderm ActiveMax, to penetrate human cadaver trunk skin in vitro, using the Franz finite dose model. In vitro experimental study. Methods. Ketamine HCl 5% w/w, gabapentin 10% w/w, clonidine HCl 0.2% w/w, and baclofen 2% w/w were compounded into two transdermal bases, Lipoderm and Lipoderm ActiveMax. Each compounded drug formulation was tested on skin from three different donors and three replicate skin sections per donor. The Franz finite dose model was used in this study to evaluate the percutaneous absorption and distribution of drugs within each formulation. Rapid penetration to peak flux was detected for gabapentin and baclofen at approximately 1 hour after application. Clonidine HCl also had a rapid penetration to peak flux occurring approximately 1 hour after application and had a secondary peak at approximately 40 hours. Ketamine HCl exhibited higher overall absorption rates than the other drugs, and peaked at 6–10 hours. Similar patterns of drug distribution within the skin were also observed using both transdermal bases. This ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 28, 2016·Forensic Science International : Synergy·D FavrettoR Snenghi
Jun 12, 2020·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·R Norman Harden
Jan 19, 2019·British Journal of Pharmacology·Zahra Bahari, Gholam Hossein Meftahi
Jul 28, 2021·Canadian Journal of Microbiology·Tatiana do Nascimento Paiva CoutinhoJoão Batista Andrade Neto

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