PMID: 3744189May 1, 1986Paper

Evaluation of the teratogenic potential of cocoa powder and theobromine in New Zealand White rabbits

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
S M TarkaJ F Borzelleca

Abstract

Studies were conducted to determine the teratogenic potential of theobromine (TBR) and cocoa powder (CP) in rabbits. TBR was given either by gavage at dose levels of 0, 25, 75, 125 or 200 mg/kg body weight/day or administered in the diet at 0, 0.0625, 0.125 or 0.1875% (approximately 0, 21, 41 or 63 mg/kg/day, respectively). CP was given at 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5% of the diet (approximately 25, 50 or 75 mg methylxanthines/kg body weight/day). The duration of exposure was from days 6 to 29 of gestation. Significant maternal mortality (40%) and reduced food consumption were observed at 200 mg TBR/kg/day. Mean foetal weights were similar to those of the control group at 25 or 75 mg TBR/kg/day, but decreases in foetal body weight and increases in various malformations and developmental variations were observed in groups given 125 or 200 mg/kg/day. Insufficient litters were available for examination in the 200-mg/kg/day dose group because of maternal toxicity/lethality (repetitive exposure by gavage to 200 mg TBR/kg approached the maternal LD50). In the dietary CP studies, three does died and three aborted, but these deaths and abortions were not treatment related. No maternal deaths occurred during dietary TBR exposure. Maternal weight gai...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1979·The Journal of Pediatrics·C BoryJ V Aranda
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Dec 1, 1983·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·T F CollinsD I Ruggles
Oct 1, 1983·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
Jan 1, 1982·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·S M Tarka
Apr 1, 1981·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·G A Nolen

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Citations

May 1, 1986·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·S M TarkaJ F Borzelleca
Jul 1, 1990·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·K A HostetlerC A Shively
Jan 11, 1991·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·S M TarkaC A Shively
Nov 4, 2006·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Hajime FujiiOkezie I Aruoma
Jun 1, 2006·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·Karen J BoswellMeta L Reid
Mar 15, 2018·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Rabia Latif
Apr 12, 2007·Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health = Yebang Ŭihakhoe Chi·Un-jun HyoungYeon-pyo Hong
Apr 25, 2017·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF)Wim Mennes

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