PMID: 15232397Jul 3, 2004Paper

Evaluation of uncontrolled confounding in studies of environmental exposures and neurobehavioral testing in children

Epidemiology
Pamela J MinkJanice Yager

Abstract

Neurobehavioral tests are commonly used in studies of children exposed to low-level environmental concentrations of compounds known to be neurotoxic at higher levels. However, uncontrolled or incomplete control for confounding makes interpretation of results problematic because effects of confounders are often stronger than the effects of primary interest. We examined a priori the potential impact of confounding in a hypothetical study evaluating the association of a potentially neurotoxic environmental exposure with neurobehavioral function in children. We used 2 outcome measures: the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Mental Development Index and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Composite Score. We selected 3 potential confounders: maternal intelligence, home environment, and socioeconomic status as measured by years of parental education. We conducted 3 sets of analyses measuring the effect of each of the 3 confounding factors alone, 2 confounders acting simultaneously, and all 3 confounders acting simultaneously. Relatively small differences (0.5 standard deviations) in confounding variables between "exposed" and "unexposed" groups, if unmeasured and unaccounted for in the analysis, could produce spurious differences ...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Oct 28, 2011·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Wendy Y CraigJames E Haddow
Oct 12, 2010·Environmental Health Perspectives·Horacio Riojas-RodríguezYaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo
Mar 3, 2010·Environmental Health Perspectives·Soo-Churl ChoHyo-Won Kim
Apr 14, 2007·Environmental Health Perspectives·Luisa Torres-SánchezLizbeth López-Carrillo
Jan 6, 2010·Environmental Health Perspectives·Joe M BraunBruce P Lanphear
Mar 12, 2005·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·S Allen CounterFernando Ortega
Jul 6, 2014·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ching-Chun LinPau-Chung Chen
Aug 4, 2012·Brain & Development·Mustafa KomurSemra Erdogan
Jun 20, 2008·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Bryan L WilliamsMelina S Magsumbol
Aug 20, 2009·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Joe M BraunJoyce S Nicholas
Jun 21, 2012·BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·H-L Falgreen EriksenU S Kesmodel
Mar 19, 2016·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Xuegang Fan, Lina Wu
May 15, 2012·Neurotoxicology·Joe M BraunMauricio Hernandez-Avila
Nov 13, 2012·Environmental Research·R Torres-AgustínC Ríos
Jun 10, 2014·Environmental Health Perspectives·Subin ParkBung-Nyun Kim
Jan 6, 2005·Environmental Health Perspectives·Todd A JuskoBruce P Lanphear
Jul 7, 2011·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·John A Bukowski
Jun 18, 2005·American Journal of Epidemiology·Kimberly A GrayMatthew P Longnecker
Sep 14, 2006·American Journal of Epidemiology·Núria Ribas-FitóJordi Sunyer
Dec 11, 2020·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·Cynthia Van LandinghamRosalind A Schoof

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