Evaluation of violations in water quality standards in the monitoring network of São Francisco River basin, the third largest in Brazil

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Elizângela Pinheiro da CostaSílvia Maria Alves Corrêa Oliveira

Abstract

The São Francisco River is the largest river located entirely within Brazil, and water scarcity problems have been a major concern of Brazilian society and government. Water quality issues are also a concern and have worsened with the recent intensification of urbanization and industrialization. In this study, violations to water quality standards established by local legislation were calculated as a percentage for 26 selected parameters over a monitoring period of 14 years. The violation percentages were analyzed spatially using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple comparison analysis. Temporal analysis was performed using the Mann-Kendall test and Spearman correlation. Some parameters could be identified as cause for concern due to high violation levels, such as the fecal coliform indicator (FCI) and phosphorus-both related to domestic and effluent disposal without treatment or with insufficient treatment-and color, turbidity, manganese, and total suspended solids-which can be affected by erosive processes of natural and anthropogenic causes. The study found that these violations are concentrated in the most urbanized and industrialized areas of the basin. Some metallic parameters, such as iron and arsenic violations...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 28, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Micael de Souza FragaAbrahão Alexandre Alden Elesbon
Nov 30, 2019·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Micael de Souza FragaHugo Alexandre Soares Guedes
Oct 8, 2020·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Mohammad Sakizadeh, Lloyd H C Chua
Apr 23, 2021·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Marina Salim DantasSílvia Corrêa Oliveira

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