Evidence-Based Supplements for the Enhancement of Athletic Performance

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Peter PeelingLouise M Burke

Abstract

A strong foundation in physical conditioning and sport-specific experience, in addition to a bespoke and periodized training and nutrition program, are essential for athlete development. Once these underpinning factors are accounted for, and the athlete reaches a training maturity and competition level where marginal gains determine success, a role may exist for the use of evidence-based performance supplements. However, it is important that any decisions surrounding performance supplements are made in consideration of robust information that suggests the use of a product is safe, legal, and effective. The following review focuses on the current evidence-base for a number of common (and emerging) performance supplements used in sport. The supplements discussed here are separated into three categories based on the level of evidence supporting their use for enhancing sports performance: (1) established (caffeine, creatine, nitrate, beta-alanine, bicarbonate); (2) equivocal (citrate, phosphate, carnitine); and (3) developing. Within each section, the relevant performance type, the potential mechanisms of action, and the most common protocols used in the supplement dosing schedule are summarized.

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Citations

Jan 19, 2018·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Eric S RawsonD Enette Larson-Meyer
Dec 19, 2017·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Romain Meeusen, Lieselot Decroix
Mar 29, 2018·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Ronald J MaughanLars Engebretsen
Mar 16, 2018·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Ronald J MaughanLars Engebretsen
Jun 25, 2018·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Ronald John Maughan
Oct 10, 2018·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Peter PeelingLouise M Burke
Jan 25, 2019·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Graeme L CloseStephane Bermon
Jan 25, 2019·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Jennifer SygoTrent Stellingwerff
Dec 7, 2018·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Lindy M CastellPeter Peeling
Jun 24, 2020·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Alannah K A McKayJason Siegler
Sep 30, 2020·Journal of Dietary Supplements·Karol-Ann RoyMargo Mountjoy
Feb 1, 2019·Nutrients·Millán Aguilar-NavarroJuan Del Coso
Sep 19, 2019·Sports Medicine·Jeffrey A Rothschild, David J Bishop
Jan 4, 2019·European Journal of Nutrition·Pedro L ValenzuelaAlejandro Lucia
Nov 18, 2018·Science·Louise M Burke, John A Hawley
Jan 30, 2021·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Ricardo Augusto Silva de SouzaBryan Saunders
Feb 16, 2021·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Matthew DunnMair Underwood
Oct 24, 2020·The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness·Isaac LÓpez-LavalJulio Calleja-GonzÁlez
May 1, 2021·Nutrients·Maurizio Balestrino
Jun 15, 2021·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Xuan MaHongbo Hu
Jul 3, 2021·Nutrients·Keely A ShawPhilip D Chilibeck
Aug 6, 2021·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Richa RathorSom Nath Singh
Dec 30, 2021·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Alannah K A McKayLouise M Burke

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