Evidence for a novel gene associated with human influenza A viruses.

Virology Journal
Monica CliffordChris Upton

Abstract

Influenza A virus genomes are comprised of 8 negative strand single-stranded RNA segments and are thought to encode 11 proteins, which are all translated from mRNAs complementary to the genomic strands. Although human, swine and avian influenza A viruses are very similar, cross-species infections are usually limited. However, antigenic differences are considerable and when viruses become established in a different host or if novel viruses are created by re-assortment devastating pandemics may arise. Examination of influenza A virus genomes from the early 20th Century revealed the association of a 167 codon ORF encoded by the genomic strand of segment 8 with human isolates. Close to the timing of the 1948 pseudopandemic, a mutation occurred that resulted in the extension of this ORF to 216 codons. Since 1948, this ORF has been almost totally maintained in human influenza A viruses suggesting a selectable biological function. The discovery of cytotoxic T cells responding to an epitope encoded by this ORF suggests that it is translated into protein. Evidence of several other non-traditionally translated polypeptides in influenza A virus support the translation of this genomic strand ORF. The gene product is predicted to have a sig...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 18, 2018·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Heather D HickmanJonathan W Yewdell
Aug 14, 2018·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Timothy E SchlubEdward C Holmes
Jan 24, 2019·PLoS Pathogens·Heather M MachkovechArvind R Subramaniam
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
glycosylation

Software Mentioned

SIGNAL
HMM
NN
TOPCONS
MUSCLE
Base
- By - Base
HHSearch
TMHMM
ORF Finder

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